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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
Published on: May 16, 2019
Autoimmune Causes of Epilepsy
Julie B Guerin1, Brian J Burkett1, Kelsey M Smith2
1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Abstract:
This article reviews the clinical, imaging, and pathologic features of autoimmune encephalitis, emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of antibody class and target location. Surface antibody syndromes, such as anti-NMDAR and antileucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis, typically present with seizures, and psychiatric symptoms, and have good immunotherapy response. Intracellular antibodies, such as anti-Hu or Ma2, are often paraneoplastic and associated with irreversible neuronal damage. MR imaging and 18F-fludeoxyglucose PET serve as critical tools in identifying disease patterns and guiding early treatment. Timely recognition and intervention are essential for improving prognosis and seizure control in autoimmune-associated epilepsy.
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