A novel biomacromolecule-predominated hybrid unit: from design, characterization to application

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Polymer Chemistry

Background:

• Current biomaterials often fail to meet complex clinical and life science needs due to single-function limitations.
• Systematic integration of biosafety, physiological compatibility, biomechanical matching, and biocatalytic function is crucial for advanced biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce a novel strategy for constructing microscopic organic-inorganic hybrid units using natural biomacromolecules.
• To comprehensively characterize these hybrid units and their resulting nanohybrid hydrogels.
• To demonstrate the integrated functionalities and potential applications of these advanced biomaterials.

Main Methods:

• Utilized synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy with infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy for characterization.
• Employed the classical polymer blob model to analyze polymer chain flexibility.
• Fabricated nanohybrid hydrogels using the developed hybrid units.

Main Results:

• The hybrid units exhibited physicochemical properties similar to polymers, with stable interfaces, bioinspired crosslinking, and synergistic enzyme-like activity.
• Nanohybrid hydrogels significantly enhanced mammalian cell production of PD-L1 protein and protected skin organoids from oxidative damage.
• Multi-omics analysis revealed that the hydrogel modulates cell interactions, improves protein processing, and enhances mitochondrial respiration.

Conclusions:

• The novel organic-inorganic hybrid units and resulting nanohybrid hydrogels successfully integrate biocompatibility, biomechanics, biocatalysis, and physiological compatibility.
• These advanced biomaterials show significant potential for applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and in vitro models.