Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence Tools in Small Animal Veterinary Medicine

As veterinary artificial intelligence (AI) tools become more available, it is vital to ensure that they genuinely promote patient well-being and avoid harm. This article examines the ethics of AI in small animal veterinary medicine, considering both "machine" and "human" aspects. The article then outlines appropriate accountability responsibilities for veterinary practitioners, as well as for AI developers and purveyors, hospital and clinic managers, and professional veterinary bodies. Understanding these ethical issues and accountability measures should help steer the creation, maintenance, and use of AI tools toward meeting the core veterinary medical obligation of improving animal health and welfare.