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Exposure to violence increases sickness absence for both men and women. While women experience more sickness absence overall, the impact of violence exposure and revictimization is similar across genders. Prevention strategies should be gender-inclusive.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational health
  • Public health
  • Sociology of health

Background:

  • Violence exposure is a known risk factor for health issues, including sickness and disability.
  • Most research on violence exposure has focused on women, leaving a gap in understanding gender differences.
  • The impact of violence exposure on sickness absence and its potential gender moderation requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if gender moderates the association between violence exposure (childhood, adulthood, or revictimization) and doctor-certified sickness absence.
  • To investigate the relationship between violence exposure timing and sickness absence duration.
  • To compare the effects of violence exposure on sickness absence between men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized survey data on violence exposure from 2,473 Norwegian adults (43.6 years average age, 51% male).
  • Linked survey data with registry data on sickness absence from Norwegian authorities.
  • Employed unadjusted and adjusted hurdle models to analyze sickness absence occurrence and length, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Women had higher overall odds of sickness absence than men (aOR=2.29).
  • Violence exposure significantly increased odds of any sickness absence (aOR=1.49) and risk of longer absence (aRR=1.25).
  • Revictimization showed a stronger association with increased odds of any sickness absence (aOR=1.94) and longer absence (aRR=1.31). Gender did not moderate these violence exposure effects.

Conclusions:

  • While women generally have higher sickness absence, the impact of violence exposure on sickness absence is comparable between genders.
  • Revictimization is a significant risk factor for increased sickness absence in both men and women.
  • Public health and occupational sectors must address violence as a structural workforce health issue with trauma-informed, gender-inclusive strategies.