Analysis of Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Polyps in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

To investigate the risk factors associated with gastrointestinal polyps in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China, from January 2017 to December 2024.

A total of 254 patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorised according to endoscopic findings into groups with polyps (n = 87) and without polyps (n = 167). Clinical and laboratory data were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed based on these factors.

Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the groups in age, history of hypertension, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and total cholesterol (TC). Multivariate analysis confirmed that older age, history of hypertension, elevated HbA1c, and elevated TC were independent risk factors for gastrointestinal polyps in T2DM patients. The ROC curve, based on these four factors, yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.705 (95% CI: 0.641-0.770), indicating a moderate predictive ability.

The development of gastrointestinal polyps in patients with T2DM is significantly associated with older age, history of hypertension, and poorer glycemic and lipid control as indicated by higher HbA1c and TC levels. The composite model of these factors demonstrates moderate predictive value.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Gastrointestinal polyps, Risk factors, HbA1c, Hypertension.