Working Memory, Attention Control, and Vocabulary Retention in AI (ChatGPT)-Assisted Foreign Language Learning: A...

Area of Science:

• Cognitive Psychology
• Educational Technology
• Second Language Acquisition

Background:

• Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying foreign language vocabulary acquisition is crucial.
• The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT-4, presents new avenues for language learning.
• The specific roles of cognitive functions and AI usage frequency in vocabulary retention remain to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the structural associations between working memory, attention control, and ChatGPT-4 use frequency with vocabulary retention in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners.
• To determine the direct and indirect effects of cognitive factors and AI engagement on various dimensions of vocabulary retention.

Main Methods:

• Quantitative, cross-sectional survey design involving 1002 EFL learners.
• Stratified random sampling for participant selection.
• Validated self-report instruments measuring working memory, attention control, ChatGPT-4 use frequency, and vocabulary retention (immediate recall, delayed retention, semantic integration, productive use).
• Structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the proposed cognitive and AI usage model.

Main Results:

• Working memory demonstrated a strong association with attention control and directly impacted all dimensions of vocabulary retention.
• Attention control significantly mediated the relationship between working memory and vocabulary retention, highlighting the role of cognitive regulation.
• Higher frequency of ChatGPT-4 use amplified the positive associations between working memory and attention control, and between attention control and vocabulary retention.
• ChatGPT-4 use frequency did not independently predict vocabulary retention, suggesting its benefit is contingent on reinforcing cognitive processes.

Conclusions:

• Effective vocabulary learning with AI tools hinges on cognitive regulation and active engagement, not solely on increased exposure.
• Working memory and attention control are critical cognitive resources for AI-assisted foreign language vocabulary acquisition.
• The frequency of AI tool use enhances learning by strengthening cognitive control mechanisms rather than through passive interaction.