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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Natural Products Chemistry
  • Food Science and Technology
  • Pharmacology and Toxicology

Background:

  • Phenolic compounds are abundant bioactive molecules with significant potential in food and health industries.
  • Their versatility spans from antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
  • Growing interest exists in their sustainable production and utilization within the bioeconomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of phenolic compounds, covering extraction, detection, quantification, and biological activities.
  • To explore their mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-virulence effects.
  • To discuss industrial applications and strategies for sustainable production and bioeconomic opportunities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing recent advances in phenolic compound research.
  • Analysis of extraction, detection, and quantification methodologies.
  • Evaluation of studies on bioavailability, bioactivity, and health benefits.
  • Review of antimicrobial mechanisms and synergistic interactions with other agents.
  • Exploration of industrial applications and sustainability strategies.

Main Results:

  • Phenolic compounds exhibit diverse bioactivities, including potent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
  • Advanced methods for extraction, detection, and quantification are continuously improving.
  • Mechanisms of action involve membrane destabilization, enzyme inhibition, and quorum sensing interference.
  • Synergistic effects with antibiotics and bacteriocins enhance antimicrobial efficacy, particularly against biofilms.
  • Significant potential exists for applications in food conservation, active packaging, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Conclusions:

  • Phenolic compounds represent promising, sustainable alternatives for the food, health, and industrial sectors.
  • Their multifaceted properties and mechanisms of action support their use in anti-virulence strategies and hurdle technology.
  • Further research into sustainable production and novel applications will unlock their full potential in the bioeconomy.