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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

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Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
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Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

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A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Laryngeal Dysfunction Following COVID-19: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cali Loblundo1, Warren B Chun1, Shaun A Nguyen1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.

The Laryngoscope
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 significantly increases the risk of developing new-onset laryngeal dysfunction, including chronic cough and voice disorders, often appearing 1-2 years post-infection. Factors like hospitalization and ventilation impact these outcomes, highlighting the long-term effects of the virus.

Keywords:
COVID‐19TriNetXchronic coughdysphagialaryngology

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Long COVID (post-COVID-19 syndrome) can affect multiple organ systems.
  • Laryngeal dysfunction is an understudied complication of COVID-19.
  • Understanding incidence and risk factors is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence of laryngeal dysfunction following COVID-19 infection.
  • To identify risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 laryngeal dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX EHR Network (>180 million records).
  • Adults without prior laryngeal issues or major comorbidities were compared based on COVID-19 exposure.
  • Outcomes included chronic cough, dysphagia, voice disorders, vocal fold paralysis, and laryngeal spasm, assessed up to 5 years post-infection.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 was associated with significantly increased odds of chronic cough, dysphagia, voice disorders, vocal fold paralysis, and laryngeal spasm.
  • Incidence peaked 1-2 years post-infection for most outcomes, and 2-3 years for laryngeal spasm.
  • Hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and vaccination status influenced the incidence of these laryngeal dysfunctions.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 is linked to a higher incidence of new-onset laryngeal dysfunction.
  • Laryngeal dysfunction commonly manifests 1-2 years after infection.
  • Hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and vaccination status are significant influencing factors.