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Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy
Published on: August 9, 2024
Chronic Spasticity Care
Alessio Baricich1, Marco Battaglia2
1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy.
Abstract:
Chronic spasticity is a dynamic, multifactorial condition that demands continuous, personalized management. This article reviews the evolving pathophysiology of spasticity, emphasizing the interplay of neural hyperexcitability and structural muscle changes. Botulinum toxin type A remains a key intervention but achieves optimal outcomes only when integrated into a multidisciplinary rehabilitation framework. Evidence supports a multimodal approach and the use of adjunct therapies such as stretching, strengthening, orthoses, and task-specific training. Technological advances and goal-oriented tools further enhance long-term care. A paradigm shift is needed: from episodic treatment to chronic disease management focused on function, prevention, and quality of life.
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