Influence of Structured Plasma-Based Composition on Functional, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Emulsion-Type...

This study investigated the technological feasibility of using a pre-structured bovine blood plasma-flaxseed composition as a functional partial substitute for beef in emulsion-type sausages. Five formulations containing 0-30% replacement were evaluated to determine effects on structural, nutritional, and microbiological properties. Incorporation of the structured composition modified the functional balance of the protein system: water-holding capacity remained stable (p > 0.05), while fat-holding and emulsifying capacities improved at higher inclusion levels (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced interfacial stabilization of the fat phase. Progressive softening of texture was observed, with significant reductions in hardness and chewiness at 30% replacement (p < 0.05). Cooking loss increased at elevated substitution levels but remained within acceptable technological limits. During refrigerated storage, microbial counts remained below safety thresholds. A 15-25% replacement level provided the most balanced performance, maintaining sensory acceptability while improving lipid stabilization. The results demonstrate that structured plasma-based systems can function as effective protein-emulsion modifiers in meat formulations, supporting sustainable valorization of slaughter by-products.