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Error Mitigation Thresholds in Noisy Random Quantum Circuits.

Pradeep Niroula1, Sarang Gopalakrishnan2, Michael J Gullans1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate noise characterization is crucial for quantum error mitigation. Imperfect characterization limits error mitigation effectiveness, especially in 1D quantum circuits, impacting near-term quantum advantage demonstrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Near-term quantum simulations are susceptible to noise, necessitating error mitigation strategies.
  • Effective error mitigation often depends on precise characterization of noise sources.
  • Probabilistic error cancellation and tensor network methods are key strategies for mitigating errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the robustness of quantum error mitigation techniques when noise is imperfectly characterized.
  • To determine the impact of noise characterization errors on probabilistic error cancellation and tensor network methods.
  • To analyze the theoretical limits of error mitigation in different spatial dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of the Imry-Ma argument to analyze noise robustness.
  • Study of random spatially local circuits in D >= 2 and 1D.
  • Theoretical prediction of a threshold in robustness for D >= 2.

Main Results:

  • A threshold in robustness exists for error mitigation in D >= 2 spatial dimensions, allowing for longer mitigation times with imperfect noise characterization below the threshold.
  • In 1D circuits, error mitigation fails rapidly (at O(1) time) with any noise characterization imperfection.
  • Error mitigation is practical only for noise that is sufficiently well-characterized.

Conclusions:

  • The practical applicability of quantum error mitigation is highly dependent on the accuracy of noise characterization.
  • Findings have implications for quantum advantage experiments, quantum phase transition studies, and near-term quantum algorithms.
  • Robustness analysis provides critical insights into the limitations and potential of current quantum computing technologies.