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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Altered pre-stimulus alpha dynamics index sustained attention difficulties in ADHD.

Vesal Rasoulzadeh1, Inez Buyck2, Roeljan Wiersema1

  • 1Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show greater declines in attentional engagement over time compared to controls. This study reveals neural differences in sustained attention and motor preparation in ADHD, impacting performance.

Keywords:
ADHDEEGPre-stimulus alpha powerSustained attentionTime-on-task

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Sustained attention deficits are a core feature of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • The underlying neural mechanisms of these attention difficulties, especially over time, are not fully understood.
  • Prestimulus posterior alpha power is a neural marker of attentional engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate time-on-task effects on prestimulus posterior alpha power in adults with and without ADHD.
  • To examine neural dynamics of attentional preparation during a reaction time task.
  • To explore the relationship between neural attention measures and behavioral performance in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • EEG data analyzed from adults with ADHD (n=24) and controls (n=20) during a slow-paced 2-choice reaction time task.
  • Examined time-on-task effects on prestimulus posterior alpha power.
  • Analyzed temporal dynamics of alpha power within the pre-stimulus interval and its relation to reaction times.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed increased alpha power over time, but the ADHD group exhibited a more pronounced increase, indicating greater attentional decline.
  • Adults without ADHD showed decreased alpha power over time, signifying increased attentional readiness, which was not sustained by the ADHD group.
  • Lower alpha power predicted faster reaction times in controls, but this link was absent in adults with ADHD, suggesting a neural-behavioral decoupling.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with ADHD demonstrate a dynamic failure to regulate attentional states over time.
  • ADHD is associated with a persistent difficulty in translating anticipatory attention into motor performance.
  • Time-on-task analyses and neural measures are crucial for understanding sustained attention deficits in ADHD.