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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
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Published on: September 22, 2023

In Situ Simulation in Prenatal Breastfeeding Education: A Pilot Study.

Taison Regis Penariol Natarelli1, Luciana Mara Monti Fonseca1, Suzanne Hetzel Campbell2

  • 1University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Journal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal breastfeeding education using in situ simulation shows promise. This pilot study found increased breastfeeding self-efficacy in participants, demonstrating the feasibility of this novel educational approach.

Keywords:
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES & BSES-SF)breastfeedingeducational interventionhealth educationlactation educationpilot studyprenatal educationprimary health careself-efficacysimulation training

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Area of Science:

  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Nursing Education
  • Simulation in Healthcare

Background:

  • Prenatal education is crucial for breastfeeding success.
  • Simulation is an underutilized educational tool in prenatal settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an in situ simulation for prenatal breastfeeding education.
  • To evaluate impacts on breastfeeding self-efficacy and related outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot intervention study with pre-test/post-test design (n=40).
  • Intervention group received "Breastfeeding the Newborn" in situ simulation during home visits.
  • Control group received routine prenatal guidance.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy within the simulation group (p < 0.01).
  • Feasibility of the in situ simulation intervention was confirmed.
  • No significant differences in exclusive breastfeeding rates or difficulties between groups at 2 months postpartum.

Conclusions:

  • In situ simulation holds potential for prenatal breastfeeding education.
  • Further research with larger samples is recommended to confirm impacts on breastfeeding outcomes.