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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level
06:02

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

Published on: November 2, 2020

Classification of cardiomyopathies: bringing order to complexity.

Maria Perotto1,2, Carola Pio Loco Detto Gava1,2, Federico Garoia1,2

  • 1Cardiovascular Department, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

European Heart Journal Supplements : Journal of the European Society of Cardiology
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cardiomyopathy classification is complex due to disease diversity. A new 2023 ESC model uses a phenotype-first approach, but overlapping features necessitate dynamic diagnostic strategies for accurate cardiomyopathy diagnosis.

Keywords:
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathyClassificationDilated cardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
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Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
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Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology
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Published on: April 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cardiomyopathy classification presents challenges due to significant clinical, morphological, and genetic heterogeneity.
  • Previous classification systems include the 2008 ESC morphofunctional classification and the 2013 MOGE(S) system.
  • Advances in diagnostic technologies necessitate updated frameworks for disease conceptualization and communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the revised 2023 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) phenotype-first model for cardiomyopathy classification.
  • To address the limitations and overlaps observed in current cardiomyopathy phenotypes.
  • To highlight the need for advanced diagnostic pathways in managing cardiomyopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of recent advances in cardiovascular imaging and genetic diagnostics.
  • Evaluation of the five major cardiomyopathy phenotypes: dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), and non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC).
  • Assessment of the overlap and diagnostic challenges among these phenotypes, particularly DCM, ARVC, and NDLVC.

Main Results:

  • The 2023 ESC model adopts a phenotype-first approach, categorizing cardiomyopathies into five main types.
  • Significant overlap exists between DCM, ARVC, and NDLVC, complicating precise classification.
  • Current phenotypic classification alone is insufficient for definitive diagnosis due to extensive overlap.

Conclusions:

  • The 2023 ESC phenotype-first model provides a framework but highlights the need for dynamic, multiparametric diagnostic approaches.
  • Individualized interpretation of diagnostic data is crucial for accurate cardiomyopathy diagnosis.
  • Further research into integrated diagnostic strategies is warranted to overcome classification challenges.