Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Urine, Saliva, Pericardial and...

Vesicles obtained from pericardial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva by differential centrifugation were examined using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. Numerous particles and their aggregates were found in the obtained micrographs. The size of most individual particles ranged from 25 to 150 nm, which approximately corresponds to the size of extracellular vesicles. Thus, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy enables the acquisition of high-quality images of both single extracellular vesicles and their aggregates.