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Updated: May 12, 2026

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Published on: June 6, 2012

Tissue-bioelectronics interfaces.

Jiahong Li¹, Jin Qu¹, Wei Gao¹

¹Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. weigao@caltech.edu.

Chemical Society Reviews

|May 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Improving wearable and implantable bioelectronics requires stable tissue interfaces. This review explores mechanisms and design principles for better device-tissue coupling, enhancing long-term function and clinical translation.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Wearable and implantable bioelectronics offer continuous physiological monitoring and therapeutic modulation.
Performance is limited by mechanical and biochemical mismatches between devices and soft tissues, causing stress, poor contact, and inflammation.
These issues compromise long-term bioelectronic device function.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a mechanism-driven framework for understanding tissue-bioelectronics interfaces.
To examine physical, chemical, and biological interactions governing device-tissue coupling.
To inform design principles for improved bioelectronic systems.

Main Methods:

Systematic examination of interactions across temporal and length scales.
Analysis of how interfacial mechanisms inform structural engineering and materials development.
Review of recent advances in fabrication strategies for soft, conformal bioelectronic systems.

Main Results:

Identified key design principles for enhanced mechanical compliance, adhesion, and interfacial stability.
Highlighted advances in fabricating soft, conformal, and multifunctional bioelectronic systems.
Showcased applications in physiological sensing and therapeutic modulation.

Conclusions:

Durable, adaptive, and clinically translatable tissue-bioelectronics interfaces are achievable.
Mitigating foreign-body responses is crucial for long-term success.
Further research is needed to address remaining challenges and opportunities.