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The Index for Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IPION): a scoping review
Jeannette Dino1, Noor Sam Ahmad2, Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria3
1Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. jeannettedino@gmail.com.
The Index For Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IPION) is increasingly used to assess early orthodontic treatment needs in children. This review mapped its development and application, finding wide prevalence but highlighting a need for further research on modifications and validity.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Public Health
Background:
- The Index For Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IPION) assesses early orthodontic treatment needs (EOT) in mixed dentition.
- Understanding EOT prevalence and malocclusion is crucial for timely intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map the development and application of the IPION.
- To identify the prevalence of EOT and malocclusion in mixed dentition using IPION.
- To investigate reported IPION modifications, limitations, and literature gaps.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted.
- Searched 4 databases and additional sources for observational studies (1999-2025) involving children aged 6-12 years using IPION.
- Data extraction and narrative synthesis by 5 independent reviewers.
Main Results:
- Twelve studies from North America, Asia, and Africa were included.
- EOT prevalence varied widely (20-96%) across study types.
- Modifications to IPION included assessments of caries, occlusal traits, and age-specific scoring, with limited validity evaluation.
Conclusions:
- IPION application is growing for evaluating EOT and malocclusion in mixed dentition.
- Further research is needed to address IPION limitations and enhance its epidemiological utility.
- Validity of IPION modifications requires rigorous investigation.
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