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Updated: May 22, 2026

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers
Published on: December 12, 2025
[Construction of Multi-scenario Urban Thermal Environment Spatial Networks Considering Present and Future Conditions]
Qiang Fan1, Dan-Dan Li1, Wei Sun1,2
1School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China.
Abstract:
Urban thermal environmental risks significantly threaten ecosystems and public health. Using the main urban area and Changsha County-typical "furnace" zones in China-as a case study, this research integrates multi-source data and applies morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), patch-level land use simulation (PLUS), and circuit theory to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of urban heat islands in 2040 and identify heat corridors and key nodes. The results showed that: ① From 2013 to 2022, the heat island area was 610.57, 596.97, 630.31, and 641.00 km2, respectively. Heat islands were mainly concentrated in the central region, with continuous expansion observed in the northwest and southeast. Heat corridors were denser in the west and sparser in the east, with more pinch points than barriers. ② By 2040, heat sources are expected to expand in the northwest, southwest, and southeast; corridors in the northwest extend outward, with new ones emerging elsewhere. ③ Boundaries to conserve urban cold sources (BCUCS) can optimize the spatial configuration of heat islands and reduce thermal transmission paths. ④ A "one-corridor, two-zone, three-focus" strategy is proposed based on the thermal spatial network. These findings provide a scientific basis for mitigating thermal risks and guiding climate-adaptive urban development.
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