[Preoperative and Intraoperative Electrophysiological Monitoring During Neurosurgery]

Intraoperative neuromonitoring is an indispensable surgical support tool for safe neurosurgical procedures. Although various monitoring techniques exist, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) are the most commonly used. MEPs are classified into transcranial, direct cortical, and subcortical stimulation, which require case-specific selection based on each case. Furthermore, to ensure proper intraoperative monitoring, it is desirable to share information beforehand with the monitoring technician regarding which monitoring techniques should be used and which procedures carry a higher risk. This article describes the practical applications of intraoperative neuromonitoring, including its classification and intraoperative troubleshooting.