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Operationally Defining and Targeting Ultraprocessed Foods: Insights From US Policy Proposals.

Aline D'Angelo Campos1, James W Krieger1, Carmen E Prestemon1

  • 1Aline D'Angelo Campos, Lindsey Smith Taillie, Carmen E. Prestemon, and Bridget A. Hollingsworth are with the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Lindsey Smith Taillie and Carmen E. Prestemon are also with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. James W. Krieger is with the Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, and with Healthy Food America, Seattle.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

US policy proposals often define ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) using narrow additive lists, primarily targeting school foods. More science-based definitions are urgently needed for effective public health policy.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Food Policy Analysis

Background:

  • Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) are increasingly recognized for their potential public health impacts.
  • Existing US policy proposals vary in their definitions and scope for addressing UPFs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze operational definitions and policy scope of ultraprocessed food (UPF) in current US policy proposals.
  • To identify trends and gaps in UPF policy development at federal and state levels.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of federal and state policy proposals targeting UPFs was conducted.
  • Proposals were analyzed for their definitions of UPFs, policy mechanisms, and target settings.

Main Results:

  • 43 UPF-related policy proposals were identified between 2021 and 2025, predominantly from states (93%).
  • Definitions varied, with 35% using narrow additive lists, 9% referencing 'cosmetic' additives, 21% referencing the Nova classification without full lists, and 35% lacking definitions.
  • Most proposals focused on foods served/sold in schools (58%), with others proposing warning labels (12%) or marketing restrictions (5%).

Conclusions:

  • Current UPF policy proposals in the US frequently lack robust, science-based definitions, often relying on limited lists of additives.
  • The primary focus on school environments suggests a need for broader policy application.
  • Urgent development of operational UPF definitions aligned with scientific evidence is critical for effective public health interventions.