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Related Concept Videos

Contact Angle01:13

Contact Angle

When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive force...
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
07:08

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films

Published on: August 18, 2018

Drop volume effect on the advancing macroscopic contact angle.

Roudy Issa1, Houssine Benabdelhalim2, Marc Medale2

  • 1Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IUSTI, Marseille, France. roudy.issa@univ-amu.fr.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increasing drop volume causes the contact line to advance and the macroscopic contact angle to decrease for sessile drops on solid substrates. This effect was observed for water and glycerol across various materials.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
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Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

Published on: March 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding droplet behavior on surfaces is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
  • Partial wetting phenomena, characterized by macroscopic contact angles, are influenced by multiple factors including surface properties and liquid characteristics.
  • The influence of drop volume on sessile drops, particularly at higher Bond numbers, requires further investigation for precise modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of varying drop volumes on the macroscopic contact angle (MCA) of sessile drops.
  • To analyze this influence across different liquid-solid combinations (water/PMMA, water/aluminum, glycerol/PMMA).
  • To explore the relationship between drop volume, Bond number, and contact line behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted on horizontal substrates ensuring rotational symmetry of sessile drops.
  • Sessile drops were created using two methods: injection from above (DSA30 Krüss equipment) and injection from below through a substrate hole.
  • The macroscopic contact angle (MCA) was measured as a function of sessile drop volume and Bond number (ranging from 0.1 to 14).

Main Results:

  • For all tested systems, increasing sessile drop volume led to a significant decrease in the macroscopic contact angle (MCA).
  • The contact line was observed to advance along the substrate as the drop volume increased.
  • The MCA approached an asymptotic value at higher Bond numbers, indicating a limit to the volume-induced contact angle change.

Conclusions:

  • Sessile drop volume is a critical parameter influencing partial wetting behavior on solid substrates.
  • The observed decrease in MCA with increasing volume suggests a transition towards more favorable wetting at larger scales.
  • The findings provide valuable data for models predicting droplet behavior and wetting phenomena in diverse scientific contexts.