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Understanding sugar-sweetened beverage tax implementation globally: a 34-year, population-based observational study
Lizbeth Moreno Loaeza1, Laura Lara-Castor2, Julia R Sharib1
1Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Global sugar-sweetened beverage taxes have rapidly increased since 1990, with 64 countries implementing them. Implementation is influenced by economic factors and disease rates, not beverage intake.
Area of Science:
- Public Health Policy
- Global Health Economics
- Non-Communicable Disease Prevention
Background:
- Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are a public health tool.
- Characterizing global SSB tax implementation and predictors is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the global extent and types of SSB taxes.
- To identify national characteristics predicting SSB tax adoption.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal analysis of global datasets (1990-2024) from 183 countries.
- Assessed SSB tax characteristics (amount, type, revenue allocation).
- Used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate predictors like disease prevalence, GDP, and SDI.
Main Results:
- 64 countries implemented SSB taxes between 1990-2024, covering 3.5 billion people.
- Tax adoption accelerated, with regional variations in prevalence and rates.
- Diabetes and obesity prevalence, GDP per capita, and SDI predicted implementation, but SSB intake did not.
Conclusions:
- Global SSB tax adoption has surged, showing significant regional and structural heterogeneity.
- Tax policies are shaped by a nation's economic capacity, social development, and health status.
- Further research can refine understanding of SSB tax effectiveness.
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