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Related Concept Videos

Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors
10:57

Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors

Published on: November 30, 2021

Inkjet-Printed BaTiO3 Nanoparticle-Embedded Capacitor Array for Physical Unclonable Function.

Woongki Hong1,2, Murali Bissannagari3, Youngjae Cho4

  • 1Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces nanoparticle-based capacitor PUFs (CAP-PUFs) for unique digital fingerprints. Electrically readable and microelectronics-compatible, these CAP-PUFs leverage nanoscale randomness for enhanced security.

Keywords:
capacitor arrayhigh-k nanoparticlesinkjet printingphysical unclonable functionsecurity applications

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microelectronics Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoparticle (NP)-based physical unclonable functions (PUFs) offer nanoscale randomness as an alternative to microfabrication-based PUFs.
  • Existing NP-based optical PUFs are limited by bulky readout systems incompatible with microelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an electrically readable NP-based PUF technology integrated into microelectronics.
  • To utilize the inherent physical randomness of nanoparticles for secure digital fingerprinting.

Main Methods:

  • Developed nanoparticle-based capacitor PUF (CAP-PUF) technology using high-k BaTiO3 NPs.
  • Employed inkjet printing micropatterning for fabricating NP-embedded CAP-PUF arrays.
  • Optimized inkjet-printing parameters to enhance the natural randomness of NP micropatterns.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high security performance with an inter-Hamming distance of 0.52 and intra-Hamming distance of 0.064.
  • Demonstrated uniformity of 0.44 and entropy of 0.989 for the BaTiO3 NP-embedded CAP-PUF array.
  • Confirmed the potential for unique digital fingerprints based on nanoscale randomness.

Conclusions:

  • High-k NP inkjet-printing-based CAP-PUFs offer a viable solution for secure, microelectronics-integrated digital fingerprints.
  • The developed technology leverages intrinsic nanoscale randomness for robust security applications.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of optical PUFs by enabling electrical readout.