Transoral Robotic Surgery for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has emerged as a transformative minimally invasive approach for the treatment of head and neck cancers. This article synthesizes recent evidence regarding the clinical indications, oncologic and functional outcomes, technical considerations, limitations, and future research directions for TORS. TORS offers significant advantages over traditional open surgery and non-surgical treatments, including reduced morbidity, superior functional preservation (especially swallowing and speech), and comparable oncologic outcomes. The evidence also suggests a role for TORS in treatment de-intensification strategies, especially in HPV-associated disease. Ongoing research aims to refine patient selection, optimize perioperative management, and integrate TORS with novel systemic therapies.