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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Manipulating ligand effects over Pt-Ni solid-solution alloys for highly efficient ammonia electrooxidation.

Weiyi Shen1, Qingyi Yan1, Lifang Zhang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong Key Laboratory of Green Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Storage and Conversion, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China. lfzhang@ntu.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers manipulated ligand effects in platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) alloys using a supramolecular approach. This resulted in enhanced ammonia oxidation and improved performance in direct ammonia fuel cells.

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy
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Published on: July 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) alloys are crucial electrocatalysts.
  • Controlling alloy properties is key to enhancing catalytic activity.
  • Supramolecular chemistry offers novel routes for material manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of ligand effects on Pt-Ni solid-solution alloys.
  • To develop a supramolecular strategy for tuning alloy properties.
  • To evaluate the performance of modified alloys in direct ammonia fuel cells.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Pt-Ni solid-solution alloys.
  • Application of a supramolecular route to manipulate ligand effects.
  • Electrochemical characterization of ammonia oxidation.
  • Performance testing in a direct ammonia fuel cell.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a superior current density of 162.07 A g-1 for ammonia oxidation.
  • Obtained a peak power density of 17.51 mW cm-2 in a direct ammonia fuel cell.
  • Demonstrated effective control over alloy properties via supramolecular manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand effects can be effectively manipulated in Pt-Ni alloys using supramolecular chemistry.
  • The developed method significantly enhances catalytic activity for ammonia oxidation.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for designing advanced electrocatalysts for fuel cells.