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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model
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Is the Microbial Status an Extrinsic, Intrinsic, or Intermediate Influence on Experimental Animals?

Laurentiu Benga1, Anna Rehm2, Christina Gougoula1

  • 11Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and.

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Experimental animal microbiomes are shaped by both internal host factors and external environmental influences. Understanding this interplay is crucial for selecting appropriate metagenomes in research.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Animal Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Living organisms, including laboratory animals, are conceptualized as holobionts, comprising the host and its associated microbial communities.
  • The holobiont phenotype results from the interplay between host genotype and its microbiome (metagenome), with the microbiome contributing significantly to phenotypic variation.
  • Experimental animal phenotypes are influenced by environmental factors (e.g., diet, light/dark cycles) and host-related factors (e.g., genotype, maternal effects), which also shape the microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the microbiome of experimental animals represents an extrinsic, intrinsic, or intermediate influence on experimental outcomes.
  • To determine the extent to which hosts actively modulate their microbial communities despite external influences.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
genotypematernal legacymetagenomemicrobiota

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  • Review of existing evidence on factors shaping microbial communities at different body sites.
  • Analysis of host-specific mechanisms involved in microbiome modulation.
  • Synthesis of findings to characterize the nature of the experimental animal microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Microbial communities are shaped by distinct endogenous and exogenous factors.
  • Hosts actively modulate their microbiome through specific mechanisms, rather than leaving it to chance.
  • The microbiome reflects a 'fingerprint' of both endogenous and exogenous influences.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiome of experimental animals is an intermediate factor, influenced by both intrinsic host components and extrinsic environmental factors.
  • Refining the selection of the appropriate metagenome is essential for specific rodent experiments to account for these influences.