[Dengue in Argentina 2023-2024: the largest recorded epidemic and its impact on morbidity and mortality]

Argentina experienced a historic increase in dengue incidence during the 2023/2024 season, far exceeding the levels reported in previous cycles. The objective was to characterize dengue-related morbidity and mortality during this period.

Descriptive observational study based on epidemiological surveillance. Data were obtained from the National Health Surveillance System (SNVS 2.0).

R Studio.

A total of 583 259 dengue cases were analyzed. The Northwest region showed the highest cumulative incidence, whereas the Central region registered the largest absolute number of cases. Adults accounted for 78% of cases and children/adolescents for 22%. Females represented 55%. Severe forms occurred in 0.3% of cases. There were 419 deaths, with an overall case-fatality rate of 0.07% (92% adults and 8% children/adolescents). Median age was 52 years [IQR 37-72] in adults and 8 years [IQR 3-14] in children/adolescents. Comorbidities were present in 38% of adults and 21% of children/adolescents (p=0.04). Median time from symptom onset to consultation was 3 days [IQR 1-5], and to death, 6 days [IQR 4-9]. Serotype identification was achieved in 45% of cases: DENV-2 (59%), DENV-1 (40%), and coinfections (1%). Atypical presentations were documented in 7%.

The epidemiological scenario showed dynamism and heterogeneity, underscoring the need to strengthen health-system preparedness, optimize surveillance, and improve clinical response to reduce dengue-related morbidity and mortality and to anticipate and mitigate future epidemics.