[Towards an AI-powered and virtually-physically integrated teaching model for internships in biomedicine under...

To address the challenges such as expensive equipment, limited space, and high risks in the teaching of internships in biomedicine under the emerging engineering education paradigm, this study established a AI-empowered and virtually-physically integrated teaching model. This model follows the teaching logic of progressing from virtual to physical operations step-by-step. It starts with virtual simulation projects to help students build a comprehensive understanding of process workflows. Subsequently, AI-empowered process design and decision-making training are introduced, allowing students to simulate the entire production process from strain construction to final product output by adjusting parameters and optimizing strategies, thereby cultivating their data-driven process development capabilities. Following this, students proceed to hands-on training with real materials in on-campus practical training centers, achieving a safe and smooth transition from virtual to physical operations and enhancing their practical skills. Finally, through diversified field internships in enterprises, students integrate knowledge, skills, and professional literacy in real industrial settings. This model successfully creates a high-fidelity, low-risk, repeatable, and comprehensive teaching environment for internships, effectively bridges the gap between theoretical education and industrial requirements, and significantly enhances students' abilities of engineering innovation and practical application.