Novel Bio-Inspired Physics-Based Learning and Evolutionary Guidance for Dynamic Multi-Objective Cold Chain Routings

Agricultural cold chain logistics is characterized by inherent challenges-product perishability, high carbon emissions, and stringent time windows-which are further exacerbated by dynamic disruptions. Existing methods suffer from slow adaptability, unstable multi-objective convergence, and severe cold-start issues. This work falls within the broad scope of biomimetics-the science of emulating nature's time-tested strategies to solve complex engineering problems-and bio-inspired data-driven methods and their applications in engineering control, optimization, and artificial intelligence. The proposed H-MODRL framework embodies core biomimetic principles: the Genetic Algorithm (GA) mimics Darwinian natural selection and genetic inheritance, the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) abstracts the cooperative foraging and anti-predation behaviors of sparrow populations in nature, and the Arrhenius-based freshness-decay model captures the biochemical kinetics governing perishable biological products. By synergistically integrating these biological evolution principles, swarm intelligence, and deep learning, the framework tackles real-world logistics complexity in a manner directly inspired by living systems. This study presents a well-organized hybrid optimization framework (H-MODRL) that couples a three-stage hybrid evolutionary mechanism, synergistically integrating heuristic warm-start, evolutionary policy guidance, and deep reinforcement learning decision-making. First, an improved genetic algorithm combined with the earliest deadline first strategy constructs a feasible initial population satisfying hard time-window constraints. Second, a large neighborhood search-enhanced chaotic sparrow search algorithm builds a high-quality elite guidance set for policy learning. Third, a physics-based multi-objective proximal policy optimization model embedded with Arrhenius equation-derived freshness-decay kinetics performs online decision-making. Experiments demonstrate that pre-computed all-pairs shortest paths and an O(1) hash-based dynamic-disruption indexing mechanism support fast online replanning. On heterogeneous simulated terrains based on real Chinese geospatial data, H-MODRL outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms across four objectives-logistics cost, carbon emissions, terminal freshness, and delivery time-while exhibiting compact, low-variance performance distributions, thereby validating its engineering robustness and practical value in complex agricultural cold chain environments.