Insertion Torque Characteristics of the KS 3 Implant in Weak Bone, Standardized Extraction-Socket-like, and Maxillary...

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Biomaterials Science
• Surgical Engineering

Background:

• Dental implant stability is crucial for successful osseointegration.
• Insertion torque is a key indicator of primary implant stability.
• Evaluating implant performance in simulated compromised bone conditions is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the insertion torque characteristics of the KS 3 implant versus the TSIII implant.
• To assess implant performance in artificial bone models simulating weak bone, extraction sockets, and the maxillary sinus.
• To analyze torque-depth curves and torque-depth integrals.

Main Methods:

• Comparative in vitro study using three artificial bone models: weak bone, extraction socket, and maxillary sinus simulation.
• Measurement of maximum and final insertion torque values.
• Calculation of torque-depth integrals as secondary parameters.
• Statistical analysis using Welch's t-test and two-way ANOVA.

Main Results:

• The KS 3 implant exhibited higher maximum and/or final insertion torque values compared to the TSIII implant across all tested models.
• Directional differences in torque values were observed in the maxillary sinus model based on implant type and residual bone height.
• Torque-depth integral analysis provided supplementary data on cumulative insertion resistance.

Conclusions:

• The KS 3 implant demonstrated superior insertion torque compared to the TSIII implant in the tested artificial bone conditions.
• Findings represent in vitro insertion torque data and do not confirm clinical superiority.
• Observed torque differences in the maxillary sinus model result from combined effects of implant macrodesign and drilling protocols.