Photothermal Pulse Output-Nanomachines for Enhanced Cuproptosis in Tumor Cells

Cu@MSNs@ICG nanomachines possess a unique architecture featuring copper deposited on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with indocyanine green (ICG) modification, enabling excellent photothermal pulse output under NIR-II irradiation. Upon 1064 nm illumination, these nanomachines undergo directional self-thermophoretic motion. In the tumor cell microenvironment, the photothermal pulse output drives self-thermophoretic locomotion, simultaneously facilitating photothermal therapy and cuproptosis. This biocompatible, photothermally activated nanomachine system offers a promising platform for synergistic tumor cell therapy.