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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
Published on: February 2, 2024
Pancreatic Cancer: Genetics, Screening, Prevention, and Treatment
Sami O Abul-Khoudoud1, Jeffrey M Hardacre2
1Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Abstract:
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of just 13%, and its most common histologic subtype, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), carries an even poorer prognosis. Its aggressive nature is driven by complex genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations. Key driver mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, TP53, and SMAD4 promote tumorigenesis, genomic instability, and resistance to therapy. Advances in molecular profiling have improved the understanding of PDAC biology, identifying actionable mutations and therapeutic targets. Despite progress, effective targeted therapies remain limited, and early metastasis continues to hinder outcomes. Ongoing research aims to refine patient selection and optimize treatments.
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