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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation
06:13

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Published on: June 20, 2018

Sinonasal Inflammatory Burden on Computed Tomography in Adults With Obstructive Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: A

Dachan Kim1, Jeong Gum Lee1, Seong Hoon Bae2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea.

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Adults with obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) show increased sinonasal inflammation on CT scans compared to controls. This suggests a link between ETD and chronic rhinosinusitis, impacting both nasal and ear health.

Keywords:
Eustachian tube dysfunctionLund–Mackay scoreballoon Eustachian tuboplastychronic rhinosinusitiscomputed tomography

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation
06:13

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Published on: June 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiology
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) often occur together.
  • Objective data on the relationship between CRS and ETD is limited.
  • Both conditions may stem from shared mucosal inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if adults with objectively verified ETD have a greater paranasal sinus inflammatory burden on CT scans compared to controls.
  • To determine if this inflammatory burden varies by sinus drainage pathway or ear laterality.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective CT case-control study comparing 140 adults with obstructive ETD (balloon tuboplasty) to 312 controls.
  • Sinonasal opacification assessed using the Lund-Mackay (LM) scoring system.
  • Analysis included anterior/posterior compartments and ipsilateral/contralateral cavities.

Main Results:

  • Obstructive ETD patients had significantly higher total LM scores (1.77 vs. 0.80, p=0.002).
  • A higher proportion of ETD patients met the CRS radiologic threshold (17.9% vs. 4.2%, OR=5.00, p<0.001).
  • Both anterior and posterior sinus compartments showed greater opacification in ETD patients, bilaterally.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with obstructive ETD exhibit increased bilateral sinonasal inflammatory burden on CT.
  • Findings support the co-occurrence of sinonasal inflammation in ETD.
  • Integrated management of sinonasal and otologic conditions is warranted.