Implementability of Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Paediatric Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Resource-Constrained Settings:...

Childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with a substantial number of cases going undiagnosed, particularly among children under five. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to reduce TB-associated morbidity and mortality. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) represents a promising technology that could enhance TB diagnosis, especially in resource-constrained settings. This qualitative study assessed the acceptability and feasibility of POCUS implementation in the TB diagnostic evaluation in children under 5 years of age in Uganda, by exploring the perspectives and experiences of local healthcare professionals.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians at two different sites and stakeholders involved in paediatric TB policy and programmes in Uganda. Interviews focused on exploring participants' perspectives on the acceptability and feasibility of POCUS implementation for diagnosing paediatric TB. Thematic analysis was used to analyse interview data, aiming to identify key themes related to POCUS implementation in the local healthcare context.

Participants highlighted POCUS as a potentially valuable tool for improving paediatric TB diagnosis, as it enables immediate imaging and interpretation, bypassing the delays and accessibility barriers associated with X-rays. Potential barriers identified for large-scale implementation include limited diagnostic accuracy, usability, lack of equitable access, need for capacity building and durability of POCUS devices.

This study underscores the potential role of POCUS in the management of children with presumed TB in resource-constrained settings like Uganda. Addressing identified barriers through targeted interventions and further research will be essential for the successful implementation of POCUS in local healthcare practices.