[Drug Therapy for Glioblastoma:Standard and Novel Treatments]

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with a poor prognosis despite advances in multimodal treatment. Current standard of care includes maximal safe resection and radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide, which is called the Stupp regimen. Tumor-treating fields are incorporated into standard therapies and have demonstrated survival benefits in newly diagnosed GBM. Bevacizumab improves progression-free survival; however, its effect on overall survival remains limited. Recent advances in comprehensive molecular analyses have accelerated the development of novel therapies for GBM. Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for inducing direct tumor lysis and antitumor immunity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, dendritic cell vaccines, CAR-T cell therapy, and gene therapy have been actively investigated. Precision oncology approaches based on genomic profiling, including basket and umbrella trials, are expanding the therapeutic possibilities for selected patients with actionable alterations.