[Molecular Classification and Treatment of Ependymomas]

Recent advances in molecular profiling have revealed that ependymomas are biologically distinct entities with unique molecular alterations and clinical behaviors. These findings have been incorporated into the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, integrating anatomical location and molecular features into the diagnostic framework. This review summarizes the current molecular classification of ependymomas, role of DNA methylation profiling in diagnosis, and biological and clinical characteristics of the major molecular subgroups. Additionally, we discuss current treatment strategies, molecular risk stratification, and future directions in the management of ependymomas.