Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Photoredox-Enabled Chemo-Selective Construction of Indole-Fused Medium-Sized Difluoro-diazocines
Dulin Kong1, Tongtong Shi2, Xin Wang2
1Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development on Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou571199, P. R. China.
Abstract:
Fluorine-functionalized N-heterocycles are privileged structural motifs found in many high-value molecules. Nevertheless, tactics for the facile construction of fluorinated medium-sized N-heterocycles (ring size of ≥8) to date are not viable owing to their inherently unfavorable enthalpic and entropic nature. This work disclosed a novel photoredox-enabled chemo-selective difluoromethylation cyclization for the synthesis of indole-fused medium-sized difluoro-diazocines. Good substrate scope and functional group compatibility, biologically molecule derivatization, large-scale synthesis and C-3 selenylation, cyanation, halogenation, nitration, and cross-coupling highlight the utility of this photoredox catalysis protocol.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

![[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F59739.jpg&w=3840&q=50)