Storage Stability of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers Under Different Temperature and Humidity Conditions

Premixed calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) require moisture for hydration and setting, raising concerns regarding the influence of environmental storage conditions on their physicochemical properties. This study evaluated the effects of storage temperature and relative humidity on the flow and setting time of premixed CSSs. Four premixed CSSs (One-Fil, CeraSeal, WellRoot ST, and EndoSeal MTA) were stored in their original syringes under nine environmental conditions generated by combining three temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 50 °C) and three relative humidity levels (30%, 50%, and 80%) for 48 h. Flow and setting time were subsequently measured using standardized test procedures. Flow data were analyzed using a permutation-based two-way ANOVA, whereas setting time data were analyzed using nonparametric methods (α = 0.05). All tested CSSs maintained flow values above the minimum ISO requirement (17 mm) under all storage conditions. Significant differences in flow were identified among the tested storage conditions (p < 0.001), and the magnitude of these changes varied among the materials. WellRoot ST and CeraSeal generally exhibited greater flow than the other tested sealers. One-Fil exhibited the shortest setting times, whereas EndoSeal MTA exhibited the longest. Significant differences in setting time were also observed among storage conditions, although the magnitude and pattern of these differences were material-dependent. Overall, environmental storage conditions significantly influenced the physicochemical behavior of premixed CSSs, particularly flow. These findings improve the current understanding of the short-term storage stability of premixed CSSs and suggest that environmental conditions should be considered when storing and handling these materials.