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Behavioral changes after chronic ethanol treatment.

S Liljequist, J Engel

    Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Long-term ethanol exposure in rats leads to distinct withdrawal syndromes. Dopamine administration to the nucleus accumbens significantly increased locomotor activity, suggesting heightened dopamine receptor sensitivity.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Chronic ethanol consumption can lead to complex withdrawal syndromes.
    • The central nervous system's response to ethanol withdrawal is not fully understood.
    • The role of dopamine in ethanol withdrawal requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of long-term ethanol administration on rat behavior.
    • To examine the role of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during ethanol withdrawal.
    • To determine if ethanol withdrawal alters dopamine receptor sensitivity.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were subjected to a chronic ethanol regimen for up to 270 days.
    • Ethanol intake was terminated to induce acute and delayed withdrawal syndromes.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Dopamine was bilaterally applied to the nucleus accumbens in ethanol-treated and control rats.
  • Locomotor activity was measured, and the effects of haloperidol were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Two distinct withdrawal syndromes were observed: acute (hyper-excitability) and delayed (coordinated stimulation).
    • Dopamine administration significantly increased coordinated locomotor activity in chronic ethanol rats during withdrawal.
    • This effect was observed after prolonged ethanol treatment and persisted after discontinuation.
    • Haloperidol antagonized the dopamine effect, indicating specific dopamine receptor involvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Prolonged ethanol administration increases the sensitivity of dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens.
    • Central catecholamine mechanisms, particularly dopamine, are implicated in mediating ethanol withdrawal syndromes.
    • These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of alcohol dependence and withdrawal.