Transarterial closure of persistent carotid-cavernous fistula after carotid ligation. Case report

A carotid-cavernous fistula which had recurred after trapping, embolization, intracranial packing with muscle, and excision of the cervical carotid bifurcation was successfully closed with a Fogarty catheter introduced through the fibrous remnant of the cervical internal carotid artery.