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B and T lymphocytes: quantitation, function, and clinical applicability

A B Glassman, C E Bennett

    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study details methods for analyzing lymphocyte function and carbohydrate metabolism, revealing altered T and B cell responses in conditions like diabetes and sickle cell disease. Findings highlight the impact of ethanol and pregnancy on lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT).

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Metabolic Research

    Background:

    • Assessing host lymphocyte response is crucial in clinical laboratories.
    • Established methods for T and B lymphocyte quantitation, lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT), and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism require refinement for diverse patient populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present modified methodologies for lymphocyte quantitation, LBT, and CHO metabolism.
    • To report findings from studies on normal adults and patients with diabetes mellitus, sickle cell disease, and hyperlipidemia.
    • To investigate the effects of ethanol and pregnancy on LBT and CHO metabolism.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantitation of T and B lymphocytes.
    • Lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT) assays.

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  • Analysis of carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism, including hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity.

    • Main Results:

    • T cell populations were elevated in black diabetics and reduced in sickle cell anemia patients.
    • B cell subpopulations increased in sickle cell anemia.
    • LBT responses were diminished in maturity onset diabetes, pregnancy, and sickle cell disease.
    • Ethanol consumption significantly decreased LBT response.
    • Diabetic lymphocytes exhibited abnormal CHO metabolism (HMPS), partially reversible with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.

    Conclusions:

    • Lymphocyte quantitation and functional assays reveal distinct patterns in various diseases.
    • Pregnancy and ethanol consumption negatively impact LBT.
    • Abnormalities in lymphocyte carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes suggest potential therapeutic targets.