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Packing DNA into chromosomes

A M Mullinger, R T Johnson

    Journal of Cell Science
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Electron microscopy reveals that metaphase chromosomes contain multistranded DNA within their chromonema. Axial fiber folding contributes to DNA packing in metaphase chromosomes, influencing DNA packing ratios during cell division.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Metaphase chromosomes are highly condensed structures essential for accurate cell division.
    • Understanding chromosome structure is key to comprehending DNA replication and segregation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the structural organization of protein-depleted HeLa metaphase chromosomes using electron microscopy.
    • To explore the arrangement of DNA fibers and their contribution to chromosome condensation.

    Main Methods:

    • Electron microscopy of protein-depleted HeLa metaphase nucleoids (Kleinschmidt technique).
    • Analysis of chromosome spreads isolated using standard and Wray-Stubblefield procedures.
    • Observation of structures varying from oval cores with fiber networks to elongated, multifibered axes.

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    Main Results:

    • Observed protein-depleted chromosome structures with cores and networks of supercoiled fibers, suggesting looped arrangements.
    • Identified chromosome-shaped spreads with multifibered axial cores from which lateral fibers emerge.
    • Evidence suggests multistranded DNA within the chromonema, with axial fiber folding contributing to DNA packing.

    Conclusions:

    • Metaphase chromatids likely contain regions of multistranded DNA.
    • Axial fiber folding, not necessarily a functionally multineme chromatid, contributes to DNA packing.
    • The assembly of the DNA axis is crucial for achieving high DNA packing ratios in mitotic cells.