Congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants and its associated anomalies

Two cases of congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants are reported, one accompanied by anovestibular fistula and the other by microphthalmos with iris coloboma. A survey of congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants in Japan revealed that the incidence of associated anomalies in this lesion is 17.3% This value is significantly lower than that reported for esophageal atresia. Our analysis showed that esophageal atresia is the most frequently associated anomaly, followed by anorectal abnormalities. Cardiovascular anomalies are very uncommon. Embryology relating to this subject is discussed.