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The heart in enteric (typhoid) fever

S N Khosla

    The Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |June 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cardiac involvement in typhoid fever, detected via electrocardiograms (ECG), affects 11.9% of patients. These ECG changes correlate with disease severity and impact patient prognosis, with persistent alterations indicating a poor outcome.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Cardiac involvement in typhoid fever is inconsistently reported.
    • Electrocardiographic (ECG) findings offer a method to assess cardiac status in typhoid patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of cardiac involvement in typhoid fever using ECG.
    • To determine the relationship between ECG alterations, disease severity, and prognosis in typhoid patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Electrocardiograms (ECG) were performed on 294 patients diagnosed with enteric fever.
    • Cardiac involvement was assessed by analyzing ECG parameters for abnormalities and rhythm disturbances.

    Main Results:

    • 11.9% (35 out of 294) of patients exhibited ECG alterations.
    • Observed changes included P-R interval prolongation, Q-Tc interval prolongation, T wave abnormalities, and myocarditis.
    • Rhythm disturbances were noted in 12 cases.
    • ECG alterations correlated directly with disease severity and occurred at the peak of illness.
    • No correlation was found between electrolyte/enzyme levels and ECG changes.
    • Persistent ECG alterations were associated with a poor prognosis and higher fatality rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Cardiac involvement is a significant finding in a subset of typhoid fever patients.
    • ECG changes in typhoid fever are linked to disease severity and prognosis.
    • Monitoring ECG is crucial for assessing typhoid fever patients, especially those with severe illness.

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