Abbreviated moment-compensated phase encoding

To achieve correct spatial location of blood vessels, first order gradient moment nulling applied to the phase encoding axes can be used. However, gradient moment nulling prolongs echo time (TE), which may degrade the flow image in regions of complex flow. The fact that abbreviated moment compensated phase-encoding (AMCPE) can be used to apply partial flow compensation to the phase-encoding axes to prevent spatial misregistration of vessels without requiring the use of long echo times or using arbitrary chosen TE is demonstrated. AMCPE defines two cutoff lines in k-space. The flow-induced phase is completely compensated for values between the cutoff lines and partially compensated beyond the cutoff lines. The AMCPE technique has been tested on both a flow phantom and a human volunteer. The AMCPE images from both the in vivo and the in vitro study demonstrate correctly imaged flow. Computer simulations have been performed to analyze the penalty caused by the incomplete flow compensation. The result shows that the ripple artifacts due to the incomplete flow compensation are unobservable when 60%-70% of k-space is completely flow compensated.