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Acoustical behavior of brass player's lips
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 1, 1995
Summary
Brass instrument lip oscillations can be outward or upward striking. Experiments show outward striking is favored in most systems, but higher modes can transition to upward striking due to lip impedance.
Area of Science:
- Acoustics
- Musical Instrument Physics
- Fluid Dynamics
Background:
- The oscillation modes of brass instruments are crucial for sound production.
- Understanding lip-mouthpiece interaction is key to modeling brass instrument acoustics.
- The debate between outward-striking and upward-striking lip motion models persists.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally determine whether brass player lip movements are outward or upward striking.
- To investigate the factors influencing the transition between oscillation modes in brass instruments.
Main Methods:
- Measured the phase difference between mouthpiece pressure and lip displacement.
- Analyzed oscillation modes in various lip-driven pipe and mouthpiece-tube systems.
- Correlated oscillation modes with mouthpiece pressure waveform characteristics.
Main Results:
- Outward-striking oscillation is favored in mouthpiece-nonresonant and mouthpiece-resonant tube systems.
- French horn and trumpet exhibit outward striking for low modes and upward striking for higher modes.
- Oscillation transition depends on the nonlinear acoustic impedance of the lip opening.
Conclusions:
- Brass instrument oscillation modes are influenced by lip flexibility and acoustic impedance.
- The lip's nonlinear acoustic impedance dictates whether outward or upward striking dominates.
- Higher modes in brass instruments tend towards upward-striking oscillations with increased blowing pressure.
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