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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Endoscopic anatomy of the ventricles
K D Resch1, A Perneczky, M Tschabitscher
1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany.
Abstract:
The endoscopic view offers a new anatomical dimension to the neurosurgeon. The fact makes it basically necessary to study the topographic anatomy under endoscopic conditions. In this paper attention was drawn to the ventricles because they are the most common region of clinical application. In 25 specimens neuroendoscopic explorations of the ventricles have been done. The dissections have been carried out through one- and two burr hole approaches (two working endoscopes at the same time). The instrumentation includes rigid 4 mm and 6 mm endoscopes. The procedures have been documented by continuous video recording and parallel photography.
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