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Fetal alcohol syndrome

D D Lewis1, S E Woods

  • 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

American Family Physician
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) presents with distinct facial features, growth deficits, and neurological issues. Complete abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy is crucial to prevent these lifelong developmental abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a leading preventable cause of birth defects.
  • Alcohol exposure during pregnancy can lead to a spectrum of developmental disorders.
  • FAS is characterized by a distinct pattern of facial anomalies, growth deficiencies, and central nervous system problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome.
  • To describe the range of physical, neurological, and behavioral abnormalities associated with FAS.
  • To emphasize the importance of prenatal alcohol abstinence.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic criteria for FAS require characteristic facial features, growth retardation, and central nervous system abnormalities.

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  • Clinical observation and assessment of affected newborns and children.
  • Review of existing literature and diagnostic guidelines.

    • Main Results:

    • Key facial features include microcephaly, short palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip.
    • Growth retardation (intrauterine or postnatal) and neurological deficits are essential for diagnosis.
    • Newborns may exhibit irritability, hypotonia, tremors, and withdrawal; long-term deficits include mild mental retardation, sensory impairments, and organ abnormalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Fetal alcohol syndrome encompasses a wide range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments.
    • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for managing the lifelong effects of FAS.
    • Complete abstinence from alcohol throughout pregnancy is the only known way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome.