Prevention of male infertility: an update

Initial evaluation of the infertile male includes a diligent search for testicular factors, gonadotoxins, and coital factors in order to identify existing causes of impaired fertility and prevent further diminution in fertility. Certain prophylactic measures can prevent future infertility such as prompt correction of cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, genital infection, and adolescent varicocele, and proper precautions to limit occupational, medical, and recreational gonadotoxins.