Oncogene-associated growth behavior and oxygenation of multicellular spheroids from rat embryo fibroblasts

The basis of the present investigation was the establishment of an oncogene-dependent, genetically determined two-stage carcinogenesis in vitro model as multicellular spheroids. Spheroid formation was achieved with four rat embryo fibroblast cell lines, two of which represent the first step of malignant transformation, known as stage of immortalization. The ras-transfected counterparts of these two parental cell clones represent fully transformed phenotypes. The data obtained show that spheroid volume growth and cellular viability reflect the degree of tumorigenicity in vivo of the different fibroblast types investigated. In addition, ras-transfection alters not only the growth kinetics but also the cellular oxygen metabolism. Furthermore, the results demonstrate very clearly that different fibroblast clones at the same stage of malignant transformation may be characterized by an entirely different growth behavior, morphology and metabolic activity in spheroid culture. This is true, although these cells originate from the same primary cells, differ only in the step of immortalization, and were cultured as spheroids under identical environmental conditions.